What Is Naproxen?

Naproxen is a NSAID (Propionic Acid) medication used to manage Pain, inflammation, arthritis, dysmenorrhea. This agent is available in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations depending on jurisdiction and indication. The medication has been extensively studied and has a well-established safety and efficacy profile when used appropriately. Healthcare providers often select this agent based on patient-specific factors including comorbidities, concurrent medications, and treatment goals.

Patients should understand that pain management is most effective when combined with non-pharmacological approaches including physical therapy, rest, and lifestyle modifications.

How Naproxen Works
Naproxen inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing prostaglandin synthesis and thereby decreasing inflammation, pain, and fever. This mechanism provides broad anti-inflammatory and analgesic benefits.

Indications

Pain, inflammation, arthritis, dysmenorrhea
Acute musculoskeletal pain
Chronic pain conditions
Inflammatory joint diseases
Headaches and migraines (select agents)
Dysmenorrhea
Post-operative pain management

Dosage and Administration

Immediate Release: 220-500 mg BID; max 1250 mg daily

Maximum Daily Dose: 1250 mg daily

Duration: Follow prescribing guidelines and healthcare provider instructions. For over-the-counter use, do not exceed 10 days without consulting a healthcare provider.

Special Populations: Elderly patients and those with renal or hepatic impairment may require lower doses or longer dosing intervals. Consult prescribing information for specific guidance.

Clinical Note
Take with food or milk to minimize GI upset. Do not exceed recommended doses. Report signs of GI bleeding (dark stools, vomiting blood) or allergic reactions immediately. Continue only as long as clinically indicated. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible.

Side Effects

Common: Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, drowsiness (muscle relaxants)

Serious but Rare: GI bleeding, perforation, acute kidney injury, cardiovascular events, liver dysfunction, anaphylaxis

Warning
Risk of GI ulceration and bleeding, especially in elderly and with concomitant corticosteroids or anticoagulants Increased cardiovascular and thromboembolic events, especially with chronic use and in high-risk patients

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: This medication may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke, especially with long-term use and in patients with cardiovascular risk factors.

GI RISK: Risk of serious gastrointestinal complications including bleeding and perforation, especially in elderly patients, those with ulcer history, and concurrent corticosteroid or anticoagulant use.

RENAL RISK: May cause acute kidney injury, particularly in patients with existing renal impairment, volume depletion, or heart failure.

For muscle relaxants: Use for acute conditions only (typically 2-3 weeks). Do not drive or operate machinery until effects are known.

Contraindications

Severe renal impairment
Active GI ulcer disease
Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs or aspirin
Third trimester of pregnancy
Severe heart failure

Drug Interactions

ACE inhibitors: reduced antihypertensive effect
Diuretics: reduced effectiveness
Warfarin: increased bleeding risk
Lithium: increased lithium levels
Other NSAIDs: additive GI and renal toxicity

Key Clinical Evidence

Clinical evidence supports the use of Naproxen for acute and chronic pain management in appropriate patient populations. Current evidence-based guidelines recommend individualized treatment approaches considering patient comorbidities and risk factors.

Naproxen: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects

Quick Facts